Reference Number: 190
Year: 2015
Link: Link to original paper
Health: Exercise
Summary
The gut microbiota consists of a cluster of microorganisms that produces several signaling molecules of a hormonal nature which are released into the blood stream and act at distal sites. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that microbiota may be modulated by several environmental conditions, including different exercise stimulus, as well some pathologies. Enriched bacterial diversity has also been associated with improved health status and alterations in immune system, making multiple connections between host and microbiota. Experimental evidence has shown that reduced levels and variations in the bacterial community are associated with health impairments, while increased microbiota diversity improves metabolic profile and immunological responses. So far, very few controlled studies have focused on the interactions between acute or chronic exercise and the gut microbiota. However, some preliminary experimental data obtained from animal studies or probiotics studies show some interesting results at the immune level, indicating that the microbiota also acts like an endocrine organ and is sensitive to the homeostatic and physiological changes associated with exercise. Thus, our review intends to shed some light on the interaction between gut microbiota, exercise and immunomodulation.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The microbiota produces numerous compounds of a hormonal nature which are released into our blood streams and act at distal sites and have the ability to influence the function of the various organs and systems in our body. Among the targets for these substances are many other organs including the brain. It is now a well known fact that alterations in the bacterial community are associated with health impairments, while increased microbiota diversity improves overall health, and may provide a possible biomarker for health improvement. There has been much focus on the influence of diet on modulating the gut microbiome, however this review paper explores the effects of exercise on the interaction of the microbiota and health outcomes including its effect on the immune system. The review suggests that exercise (ranging from moderate to high in intensity) can positively influence gut microbiota diversity which in turn could have positive effects on a range of health outcomes including obesity, diabetes, neurological disorders and improved immunity.
HOW DO WE INTERPRET AND USE THIS INFORMATION?
This is why we incorporate moderate exercise into the way we teach. We make time to walk and get outdoors a part of the baking schedule. Exercise can potentially have a positive effect on the gut microbiome, leading to a range of health benefits.