The Sourdough School

Baking eating and sharing bread to improve physical and mental health

Using a robust evidence-based baking protocol combining the evidence of thousands of years of baking with modern clinical insights, we offer comprehensive training to bakers and healthcare professionals, providing students with the tools to use baking in everyday practice as a wellness intervention.
Follow on Instagram

Soil Association
Our gardens are certified organic.

Baking as Lifestyle Medicine for Bakers and Clinicians

+44(0)7707 480336
[email protected]
Follow on Instagram
  • Facebook
  • Instagram
  • Pinterest
  • Twitter

Student Login

Navigation
  • Home
    • Login
  • About us
    • The School
    • Contact Us & FAQ
    • The Team
    • Contributors & Guest Tutors
    • General FAQ’s about The School
    • Be the Change
  • Admissions
    • Courses
    • Course Q&A’s
    • Graduation Week in Tuscany
    • Educational Awards Programme
    • Enrolment
    • Reviews
    • Student Welfare
    • Policies & Compliance
  • The Certificate
    • The Certificate
    • Teaching
    • Teacher Training
  • The Diploma
    • The Diploma
    • Licence to Prescribe BALM
  • BALM
    • Baking as Lifestyle Medicine
    • What is BALM?
    • BALM & Bread in The Blue Zone
    • Case Studies Library
    • BALM Podcasts
  • Shop
    • Books
    • Equipment
    • Ingredients

157 - ‘Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality in a prospective cohort of US adults’. Am J Clin Nutr. 95:454–64

Reference Number: 157

Year: 2012

Authors: Marjorie L McCullough, Julia J Peterson, Roshni Patel, Paul F Jacques, Roma Shah, and Johanna T Dwyer

Link: Link to original paper

Health: Heart Disease

Nutrition: Polyphenols

Summary

Summary

Background: Flavonoids are plant-based phytochemicals with cardiovascular protective properties. Few studies have comprehensively examined flavonoid classes in relation to cardiovascular disease mortality.

Objective: We examined the association between flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among participants in a large, prospective US cohort.

Design: In 1999, a total of 38,180 men and 60,289 women in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort with a mean age of 70 and 69 y, respectively, completed questionnaires on medical history and lifestyle behaviors, including a 152-item food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to calculate multivariate-adjusted hazard RRs and 95% CIs for associations between total flavonoids, 7 flavonoid classes, and CVD mortality.

Results: During 7 y of follow-up, 1589 CVD deaths in men and 1182 CVD deaths in women occurred. Men and women with total flavonoid intakes in the top (compared with the bottom) quintile had a lower risk of fatal CVD (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.92; P-trend = 0.01). Five flavonoid classes—anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavones, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins—were individually associated with lower risk of fatal CVD (all P-trend , 0.05). In men, total flavonoid intakes were more strongly associated with stroke mor- tality (RR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.89; P-trend = 0.04) than with ischemic heart disease (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.13). Many asso- ciations appeared to be nonlinear, with lower risk at intakes above the referent category.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS STUDY

The current study showed that flavonoid consumption was associated with lower risk of death from CVD. Berries are one of the most flavonoid rich foods amongst other fruits. The study showed that most inverse associations appeared with intermediate intakes, suggesting that even relatively small amounts of flavonoid-rich foods may be beneficial.

Qualify in Baking as Lifestyle Medicine

All reasonable care is taken when writing about health aspects of bread, but the information it contains is not intended to take the place of treatment by a qualified medical practitioner. You must seek professional advice if you are in any doubt about any medical condition. Any application of the ideas and information contained on this website is at the reader's sole discretion and risk.

  • Facebook
  • Instagram
  • Pinterest
  • Twitter

Email Sign Up

Terms and Conditions | Privacy Policy
Copyright © 2023 Vanessa Kimbell
Call +44 (0)1604 881274 | Email [email protected]
Registered in England & Wales: 08412236
Website by Callia Web