Reference Number: 400
Year: 2019
Link: Link to original paper
Health: Crohns | Gut Microbiome - Creating Healthier Bread to Support Optimal Gut Health | Inflammatory bowel disease
Nutrition: Prebiotic | Probiotic | Short chain fatty acids
Summary
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), collectively known as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), are caused by a complex interplay between genetic, immunologic, microbial and environmental factors. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is increasingly considered to be causatively related to IBD and is strongly affected by components of a Western life style. Bacteria that ferment fibers and produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are typically reduced in mucosa and feces of patients with IBD, as compared to healthy individuals. SCFAs, such as acetate, propionate and butyrate, are important metabolites in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Several studies have indeed shown that fecal SCFAs levels are reduced in active IBD. SCFAs are an important fuel for intestinal epithelial cells and are known to strengthen the gut barrier function. Recent findings, however, show that SCFAs, and in particular butyrate, also have important immunomodulatory functions. Absorption of SCFAs is facilitated by substrate transporters like MCT1 and SMCT1 to promote cellular metabolism. Moreover, SCFAs may signal through cell surface G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), like GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109A, to activate signaling cascades that control immune functions. Transgenic mouse models support the key role of these GPCRs in controlling intestinal inflammation. Here, we present an overview of microbial SCFAs production and their effects on the intestinal mucosa with specific emphasis on their relevance for IBD. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic potential of SCFAs for IBD, either applied directly or by stimulating SCFAs-producing bacteria through pre- or probiotic approaches.
What does this mean for bakers?
Short chain fatty acids contribute to reducing immune reaction, which is central to reducing symptoms of IBS. Including wholegrain flour and other fibre-rich ingredients such as nuts and seeds in our sourdough can help increase the amount of fibre we eat and, in turn, feed the beneficial bacteria in our gut which generate short chain fatty acids. Try baking our Seeded Burrato Sourdough, filled with healthy seeds.